Biodiversity

Q1. India is recognised as one of the:

A. Least diverse countriesB. 17 megadiverse countries of the worldC. Only desert countriesD. Countries with no endemic species

Q2. How many biodiversity hotspots are partly or fully in India?

A. 1B. 2C. 4D. 10

Q3. IUCN category 'Critically Endangered' means:

A. Low riskB. Extremely high risk of extinction in the wildC. Already extinctD. Only data deficient

Q4. Project Tiger was launched in:

A. 1952B. 1973C. 1988D. 2000

Q5. In-situ conservation includes:

A. Only zoosB. National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere ReservesC. Only seed banksD. Only botanical gardens

Q6. Ex-situ conservation examples:

A. National Parks onlyB. Zoos, captive breeding, seed banks, botanical gardensC. Only coral reefsD. Only community forests

Q7. The main cause of biodiversity loss globally is:

A. Only climate changeB. Habitat loss and fragmentationC. Only huntingD. Only invasive species

Q8. Endemic species are those that:

A. Are found worldwideB. Are restricted to a particular geographic regionC. Are always extinctD. Are only domesticated

Q9. Biosphere Reserves in India follow which zoning?

A. Only coreB. Core, Buffer and Transition zonesC. Only transitionD. No zoning

Q10. CITES is related to:

A. Climate onlyB. International trade in endangered species of wild fauna and floraC. Only forestsD. Only ozone

Q11. Alpha diversity refers to:

A. Diversity between ecosystemsB. Species diversity within a particular area or ecosystemC. Only genetic diversityD. Global diversity only

Q12. Which is a flagship species for conservation in India?

A. HouseflyB. TigerC. Only earthwormD. Only sparrow in all contexts

Q13. The Wildlife (Protection) Act was enacted in:

A. 1952B. 1972C. 1986D. 2002

Q14. Invasive alien species threaten biodiversity by:

A. Always helping nativesB. Competing with, preying on or hybridising with native speciesC. Only increasing diversityD. Never spreading

Q15. Hotspots are prioritised based on:

A. Only large areaB. High endemism and significant habitat lossC. Only low diversityD. Only political boundaries

Q16. Sacred groves in India are examples of:

A. Only commercial forestryB. Community-based conservation / traditional protectionC. Only government parksD. Only zoos

Q17. Red Data Book is published by:

A. WWF onlyB. IUCNC. Only MoEFCC without IUCND. WTO

Q18. Genetic diversity is important because:

A. It has no practical valueB. It enables adaptation to changing conditions and is basis for breedingC. Only species count mattersD. Ecosystems do not need it

Q19. Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act includes:

A. Least protected speciesB. Species with highest protection (e.g., tiger, elephant)C. Only plantsD. Only insects

Q20. Corridor connectivity between protected areas helps:

A. Isolate populationsB. Gene flow and movement of animals, reducing inbreedingC. Only tourismD. Only logging

Q21. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was opened for signature at:

A. Stockholm 1972B. Rio Earth Summit 1992C. Kyoto 1997D. Paris 2015

Q22. Keystone predator removal can lead to:

A. No changeB. Trophic cascade and loss of diversityC. Only increase in all species equallyD. Only plant extinction

Q23. India's National Biodiversity Authority is under:

A. RBIB. Biological Diversity Act 2002 frameworkC. Only state forest depts without lawD. WTO

Q24. Which of the following is a Ramsar site related concept?

A. Only desertsB. Wetlands of international importanceC. Only mountain peaksD. Only cities

Q25. Habitat fragmentation mainly causes:

A. Larger continuous populationsB. Isolation of populations, edge effects and reduced viabilityC. Only higher diversity alwaysD. No effect on genetics

Q26. Umbrella species are those whose conservation:

A. Helps only that speciesB. Indirectly conserves many other species sharing the habitatC. Has no wider benefitD. Only harms others

Q27. The term 'Sixth Mass Extinction' refers to:

A. Only past geological eventsB. Current human-driven accelerated extinction crisisC. Only dinosaur extinctionD. No scientific basis

Q28. Community reserves and conservation reserves in India were introduced to:

A. Replace all national parksB. Involve communities and provide flexible protection categoriesC. Ban all local use alwaysD. Only promote mining

Q29. Biodiversity is higher in:

A. Polar regions generallyB. Tropical regions generallyC. Only desertsD. Only deep ocean trenches always

Q30. Poaching and illegal wildlife trade are controlled internationally partly through:

A. Only national laws without cooperationB. CITES and national enforcementC. Only tourism boardsD. Only climate treaties

Q31. A wildlife corridor is:

A. A road through a park onlyB. Habitat linkage allowing animal movement between patchesC. Only a tourist pathD. A type of zoo

Q32. Which of the following is true about endemic species of Western Ghats?

A. None existB. Many amphibians, reptiles and plants are endemicC. Only mammals are endemicD. Only birds worldwide

Q33. Seed banks conserve:

A. Only animalsB. Genetic diversity of plants ex-situC. Only soilD. Only water

Q34. The main objective of Project Elephant is:

A. Only tourismB. Conservation of elephants and their habitats, and reducing conflictC. Only capturing elephantsD. Only ivory trade promotion

Q35. Beta diversity measures:

A. Diversity within one site onlyB. Change in species composition between sitesC. Only global totalsD. Only genetic alleles

Q36. Overexploitation of species leads to:

A. Always sustainable yieldB. Population decline and possible extinctionC. Only increase in numbersD. No ecological impact

Q37. The 'Red List Index' tracks:

A. Only GDPB. Trends in extinction risk of sets of species over timeC. Only forest areaD. Only pollution levels

Q38. Man and Biosphere (MAB) programme is under:

A. World BankB. UNESCOC. IMFD. WTO

Q39. Which of the following best describes a 'threatened' species in IUCN terms?

A. Only extinctB. Critically Endangered, Endangered or VulnerableC. Only Least ConcernD. Only Data Deficient

Q40. Habitat restoration aims to:

A. Only build citiesB. Recover degraded ecosystems toward a reference stateC. Eliminate all native speciesD. Only plant exotic monocultures

Q41. India's approach to biodiversity includes:

A. Only exploitationB. Conservation, sustainable use and equitable benefit sharing (CBD principles)C. Only ex-situ without in-situD. Ignoring traditional knowledge

Q42. A major threat to marine biodiversity is:

A. Only terrestrial parksB. Overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction and climate changeC. Only bird migrationD. Only freshwater dams far inland

Q43. The Biological Diversity Act 2002 mainly addresses:

A. Only air pollutionB. Access to biological resources and associated knowledge, and benefit sharingC. Only noise standardsD. Only ozone

Q44. Why are amphibians often good indicators of environmental health?

A. They are always abundantB. Permeable skin and dual life stages make them sensitive to pollution and habitat changeC. They never declineD. They only live in deserts

Q45. Protected area network effectiveness depends on:

A. Only declaration on paperB. Size, connectivity, management, community support and enforcementC. Only tourism revenueD. Only remoteness without management

Q46. Crop wild relatives are important for:

A. Only ornamental useB. Breeding climate-resilient and disease-resistant cropsC. No agricultural useD. Only timber

Q47. The term 'extinction debt' refers to:

A. Immediate extinction onlyB. Future extinctions committed due to past habitat loss even if no further loss occursC. Only debt of countriesD. Only fossil records

Q48. Community-based conservation succeeds when:

A. Locals are fully excluded alwaysB. Local communities have rights, benefits and roles in managementC. Only central force is usedD. Biodiversity has no local value

Q49. Which of the following is a global biodiversity target framework?

A. Only Kyoto ProtocolB. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (and earlier Aichi targets)C. Only Paris Agreement on climateD. Only Montreal Protocol on ozone

Q50. Documenting traditional knowledge related to biodiversity is important for:

A. Only ignoring communitiesB. Benefit sharing, preventing misappropriation and supporting conservationC. Only patents without consentD. Only urban planning

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