Climate Change

Q1. The most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas is:

A. MethaneB. Carbon dioxideC. Nitrous oxideD. SF6

Q2. GWP (Global Warming Potential) compares:

A. Only lifetime of gasesB. Warming effect of a gas relative to CO2 over a time horizonC. Only concentrationD. Only sources

Q3. IPCC stands for:

A. International Pollution Control CouncilB. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeC. Indian Panel on Climate ChangeD. International Paris Climate Committee

Q4. Paris Agreement's central aim includes:

A. Only 4°C limitB. Holding warming well below 2°C and pursuing 1.5°CC. No temperature goalD. Only adaptation

Q5. India's net-zero target year announced is:

A. 2030B. 2050C. 2070D. 2100

Q6. NAPCC has how many national missions (originally)?

A. 4B. 6C. 8D. 12

Q7. Mitigation means:

A. Only adapting to impactsB. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions or enhancing sinksC. Only disaster reliefD. Only insurance

Q8. Adaptation means:

A. Only cutting emissionsB. Adjusting to actual or expected climate effects to reduce harmC. Only geoengineeringD. Only fossil fuel use

Q9. Which sector is a major methane source?

A. Only solar panelsB. Agriculture (livestock, rice) and waste, fossil fuel systemsC. Only wind turbinesD. Only nuclear

Q10. CBDR-RC in climate negotiations means:

A. Same obligations for allB. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective CapabilitiesC. Only developed countries actD. No differentiation

Q11. NDCs under Paris are:

A. Only global uniform targetsB. Nationally Determined Contributions – country pledgesC. Only adaptation plans without mitigationD. Only finance pledges

Q12. Ocean acidification is caused by:

A. Only warmingB. Absorption of excess CO2 forming carbonic acidC. Only plasticD. Only overfishing

Q13. Coral bleaching is mainly linked to:

A. Only cold waterB. Elevated sea temperatures stressing corals (and other stressors)C. Only low salinity alwaysD. Only darkness

Q14. Carbon sequestration refers to:

A. Emitting more CO2B. Capturing and storing atmospheric CO2 (e.g., forests, CCS)C. Only burning fossil fuelsD. Only melting ice

Q15. India's updated NDC includes:

A. No renewable targetB. Targets on emissions intensity, non-fossil capacity share, carbon sinkC. Only coal expansion without renewablesD. Withdrawal from Paris

Q16. The main greenhouse gas from agriculture among the following is often:

A. Only O2B. Methane and nitrous oxideC. Only argonD. Only neon

Q17. Climate finance under UNFCCC aims to:

A. Only fund developed country projectsB. Support developing countries in mitigation and adaptationC. Only private profit without rulesD. Ignore adaptation

Q18. REDD+ is related to:

A. Only urban transportB. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (plus conservation, sustainable management, enhancement of sinks)C. Only coal plantsD. Only ozone

Q19. A carbon tax is:

A. Subsidy on coalB. Tax on CO2 emissions or carbon content of fuelsC. Only income taxD. Only import duty on solar

Q20. Which of the following is a short-lived climate pollutant?

A. CO2 (centuries)B. Methane (decades)C. Only SF6 (very long)D. Only N2

Q21. Sea-level rise is driven by:

A. Only tectonic uplift alwaysB. Thermal expansion of ocean and melting of land iceC. Only groundwater extraction globally equalisingD. Only wind

Q22. LiFE campaign in India stands for:

A. Only forest plantingB. Lifestyle for Environment – pro-planet behavioural changeC. Only industrial policyD. Only EV mandate

Q23. The Kyoto Protocol differed from Paris mainly in:

A. No differenceB. Kyoto had binding targets for developed countries (Annex I); Paris has NDCs for all PartiesC. Paris had no temperature goalD. Kyoto covered only adaptation

Q24. Climate-smart agriculture aims to:

A. Only maximise emissionsB. Increase productivity, enhance resilience and reduce/remove GHGs where possibleC. Only monocultureD. Ignore weather

Q25. Which gas has the highest GWP among common GHGs listed typically?

A. CO2B. MethaneC. N2OD. Some fluorinated gases (e.g., SF6) have extremely high GWP

Q26. National Solar Mission is part of:

A. Only state schemesB. NAPCCC. Only private CSRD. Only WTO

Q27. Feedback that amplifies warming is:

A. Negative feedbackB. Positive feedback (e.g., ice-albedo, permafrost methane)C. No feedbackD. Only human policy

Q28. India's share of historical cumulative CO2 emissions is:

A. The highest in the worldB. Much lower than major early industrialisers, though current emissions rank highC. ZeroD. Equal to the US historically

Q29. Geoengineering proposals include:

A. Only planting treesB. Solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal – highly debatedC. Only more coalD. Only banning renewables

Q30. The concept of 'loss and damage' in climate talks refers to:

A. Only insurance profitsB. Impacts that cannot be adapted to; support for vulnerable countriesC. Only mitigation financeD. Only technology patents

Q31. Which of the following is true about black carbon?

A. It is a long-lived GHG like CO2B. It is a short-lived climate forcer from incomplete combustion; also affects health and glaciersC. It cools the planet onlyD. It is only from oceans

Q32. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) became NDCs when:

A. Countries left ParisB. Countries ratified/accepted Paris and NDCs were formalisedC. Only at KyotoD. Never

Q33. Climate migration refers to:

A. Only voluntary tourismB. Movement of people driven partly by climate impactsC. Only urbanisation unrelated to climateD. Only refugee law without environment

Q34. Energy efficiency improvements help climate by:

A. Increasing fuel use for same serviceB. Reducing energy demand and associated emissions for same serviceC. Only increasing emissionsD. Only helping industry profits without climate link

Q35. Which protocol addresses substances that deplete the ozone layer (and has climate co-benefits)?

A. Kyoto onlyB. Montreal Protocol (and Kigali Amendment on HFCs)C. Only ParisD. Only CBD

Q36. Carbon border adjustment mechanisms aim to:

A. Subsidise high-carbon importsB. Address carbon leakage by pricing carbon content of importsC. Ban all tradeD. Only help exporters of coal

Q37. Which of the following is an adaptation measure in coastal areas?

A. Only building more coal plantsB. Mangrove restoration, coastal regulation, early warning, resilient infrastructureC. Only increasing emissionsD. Only ignoring sea-level rise

Q38. The greenhouse effect is:

A. Only man-made and always harmfulB. Natural warming of Earth by GHGs; enhanced by anthropogenic emissionsC. Only coolingD. Only related to ozone hole

Q39. India's International Solar Alliance aims to:

A. Only promote coalB. Promote solar energy cooperation among sun-rich countriesC. Ban solarD. Only research without deployment

Q40. Which sector is often the largest emitter in many developed economies?

A. Only agricultureB. Energy (power, transport, industry, buildings)C. Only wasteD. Only land use always

Q41. Climate vulnerability is higher for:

A. Only rich countries with strong infrastructureB. Communities with high exposure, high sensitivity and low adaptive capacityC. Only polar bearsD. Only software engineers

Q42. Net-zero emissions means:

A. Zero activity in economyB. Balancing residual emissions with removals so net addition to atmosphere is zeroC. Only zero methaneD. Only zero industry

Q43. Which of the following strengthens climate resilience of cities?

A. Only concrete everywhere without drainageB. Green infrastructure, heat action plans, resilient housing, efficient water systemsC. Only more private carsD. Ignoring informal settlements

Q44. The main reason HFCs were targeted under Kigali is:

A. They deplete ozone strongly like CFCsB. They are potent GHGs used as CFC/HCFC replacementsC. They are toxic onlyD. They are banned in Montreal originally for ozone

Q45. Afforestation and reforestation help climate by:

A. Releasing CO2 onlyB. Absorbing CO2 (carbon sink) and providing co-benefitsC. Only increasing albedo always in tropicsD. Replacing all biodiversity

Q46. Which statement about 1.5°C vs 2°C pathways is correct?

A. No difference in impactsB. 1.5°C pathways require faster, deeper emission cuts; impacts are significantly lower than at 2°CC. 2°C is safer than 1.5°C alwaysD. Only adaptation differs

Q47. Fugitive emissions often refer to:

A. Only vehicle exhaustB. Unintended leaks (e.g., methane from oil/gas systems)C. Only factory stacks with permitsD. Only natural wetlands

Q48. Climate justice emphasises:

A. Same burden on all regardless of historyB. Equity regarding responsibility, capability and vulnerabilityC. Only technology without ethicsD. Only future generations without present poor

Q49. Which Indian mission focuses on sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem?

A. National Solar MissionB. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan EcosystemC. Only Green India without HimalayaD. Only Water Mission in plains

Q50. Transparency framework under Paris requires:

A. No reportingB. Regular reporting of emissions and progress on NDCsC. Only secret pledgesD. Only developed country reports

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