Conservation & Resources

Q1. National Parks in India allow:

A. Grazing and private rights freelyB. Strict protection; activities highly restrictedC. Only miningD. Only free tourism without rules

Q2. Wildlife Sanctuaries compared to National Parks:

A. Same rules exactlyB. Somewhat more flexible; certain rights may be permittedC. No protectionD. Only for plants

Q3. A Biosphere Reserve aims at:

A. Only strict exclusionB. Conservation with research and sustainable use in designated zonesC. Only tourismD. Only logging

Q4. Joint Forest Management involves:

A. Only forest department without peopleB. Partnership between forest department and local communitiesC. Only private companiesD. Only central forces

Q5. Project Tiger is an example of:

A. Only ex-situB. In-situ species-focused conservation with habitat protectionC. Only zoo breedingD. Only trade ban without habitat

Q6. Ramsar sites in India are:

A. Only desertsB. Designated wetlands of international importanceC. Only mountain peaksD. Only cities

Q7. The primary goal of a wildlife corridor is:

A. Block animal movementB. Enable movement and genetic exchange between populationsC. Only roadsD. Only tourism tracks

Q8. Sustainable yield in forestry means:

A. Clear-felling all at once alwaysB. Harvest not exceeding growth so resource persistsC. No harvest everD. Only exotic plantations

Q9. Watershed management focuses on:

A. Only large damsB. Integrated land and water management in a drainage basinC. Only urban drainsD. Only desalination

Q10. Rainwater harvesting helps by:

A. Increasing runoff onlyB. Augmenting groundwater and reducing demand on other sourcesC. Only flooding citiesD. Wasting roof water

Q11. National Forest Policy of India emphasises:

A. Only revenue maximisationB. Ecological security, one-third forest cover goal, community roleC. Only monoculture of exoticsD. Ignoring tribal rights

Q12. Sacred groves represent:

A. Only government reservesB. Traditional community conservationC. Only commercial timberD. Only invasive species gardens

Q13. Energy conservation is important because:

A. Energy is unlimitedB. It reduces resource use, pollution and emissions for same serviceC. It always increases costs without benefitD. Only industries need it

Q14. Renewable energy sources include:

A. Coal and oilB. Solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermalC. Only nuclearD. Only natural gas

Q15. The concept of circular economy emphasises:

A. Linear take-make-disposeB. Reduce, reuse, recycle, recover – keeping materials in useC. Only landfill expansionD. Only virgin extraction

Q16. Protected Area coverage effectiveness depends on:

A. Only paper notificationB. Management quality, connectivity, size and enforcementC. Only tourism numbersD. Only remoteness

Q17. Community Conserved Areas are:

A. Only central government parksB. Areas conserved by indigenous peoples and local communitiesC. Only private zoosD. Only industrial estates

Q18. Mangroves are critical because they:

A. Have no coastal roleB. Protect coasts, support fisheries, sequester carbon, buffer stormsC. Only block all fishingD. Only grow in deserts

Q19. Sustainable Development Goals include environment-related goals such as:

A. NoneB. Climate action, life below water, life on land, clean water, affordable clean energy, among othersC. Only poverty without environmentD. Only industry

Q20. Chipko movement is associated with:

A. Only urban pollutionB. Forest conservation / resistance to felling in HimalayasC. Only wildlife tradeD. Only climate treaties

Q21. The 'polluter pays' and 'precautionary' principles support:

A. Unregulated growthB. Internalising costs and preventing harm under uncertaintyC. Only post-disaster reliefD. Ignoring science

Q22. Groundwater conservation requires:

A. Unlimited extractionB. Regulation, recharge, efficient use and crop choiceC. Only deeper borewells alwaysD. Ignoring aquifers

Q23. Eco-tourism, if well managed, can:

A. Always destroy habitatsB. Provide livelihood incentives for conservationC. Replace all protection needsD. Only benefit outsiders

Q24. Flagship and umbrella species strategies help conservation by:

A. Ignoring habitatB. Mobilising support and protecting co-occurring species/habitatsC. Only single-species zoosD. Only trade

Q25. Restoration ecology aims to:

A. Create novel ecosystems only without referenceB. Assist recovery of degraded ecosystemsC. Eliminate all human presence forever alwaysD. Only document loss

Q26. India's forest and tree cover is assessed by:

A. Only state estimates without national agencyB. Forest Survey of India (ISFR)C. Only satellite companies abroadD. Only NGOs without official reports

Q27. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) involves:

A. Free degradationB. Incentives to land managers for maintaining services (water, carbon, biodiversity)C. Only fines without rewardsD. Only urban taxes

Q28. Invasive species management includes:

A. Always introducing more invasivesB. Prevention, early detection, eradication/controlC. Ignoring themD. Only celebrating diversity without distinction

Q29. Cold deserts and high-altitude ecosystems in India need conservation because:

A. They have no unique speciesB. They harbour specialised endemic biodiversity and are climate-sensitiveC. Only lowlands matterD. They are highly productive agriculture zones

Q30. The 'One Health' approach links:

A. Only human hospitalsB. Human, animal and environmental healthC. Only wildlife without humansD. Only crops

Q31. Sustainable harvesting of NTFP means:

A. Clearing forests for NTFPB. Extraction rates that maintain population and ecosystem functionC. No community rightsD. Only industrial monoculture

Q32. Urban biodiversity conservation includes:

A. Only concreteB. Parks, wetlands, native planting, green buildings, reducing pollutionC. Removing all treesD. Only exotic lawns

Q33. Climate-resilient conservation plans should consider:

A. Static boundaries onlyB. Shifting ranges, connectivity, refugia and adaptive managementC. Ignoring climateD. Only historical baselines without change

Q34. The main objective of Project Snow Leopard is:

A. Only tourism in plainsB. Conservation of high-altitude wildlife and habitats with community participationC. Only captive breeding abroadD. Only trade

Q35. Integrated pest management reduces pollution by:

A. Only increasing pesticide useB. Combining biological, cultural and chemical tools to minimise chemical loadC. Banning all cropsD. Only GM without IPM

Q36. Why are grasslands often undervalued in conservation?

A. They have high diversity and carbon; historically prioritised less than forestsB. They have zero biodiversityC. They are only wastelands with no servicesD. They cannot be protected

Q37. Transboundary conservation is important because:

A. Wildlife ignores political bordersB. Only domestic issues matterC. Borders stop all migrationD. No shared species exist

Q38. The '4 Rs' of waste hierarchy typically start with:

A. Recycle first onlyB. Refuse/Reduce, then Reuse, Recycle, RecoverC. Only landfillD. Only incinerate

Q39. Community reserves differ from national parks mainly in:

A. No protectionB. Greater role for communities and more flexible governanceC. Identical rulesD. Only private ownership without conservation goal

Q40. Soil conservation methods include:

A. Only deep ploughing on slopes alwaysB. Contour bunding, terracing, cover crops, reduced tillageC. Deforestation on slopesD. Overgrazing

Q41. A key challenge in protected area management in India is:

A. No human pressure anywhereB. Human-wildlife conflict, funding, staffing, invasive species, climateC. Unlimited budgets alwaysD. Zero tourism interest

Q42. Ecosystem-based adaptation uses:

A. Only concrete sea walls alwaysB. Biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of adaptation strategyC. Ignoring natureD. Only hard engineering without ecosystems

Q43. The success of Project Tiger is measured partly by:

A. Only tourist numbersB. Tiger population estimates, habitat quality, reduction in threatsC. Only number of zoosD. Only media coverage

Q44. Conserving crop diversity (agrobiodiversity) is vital for:

A. Only museumsB. Food security and climate-resilient agricultureC. Only export of few hybridsD. Ignoring farmers' varieties

Q45. Which of the following is a wetland conservation priority?

A. Draining all wetlandsB. Protecting hydrology, controlling pollution, wise useC. Only converting to real estateD. Ignoring migratory birds

Q46. Green infrastructure in cities includes:

A. Only grey pipesB. Parks, wetlands, green roofs, permeable surfaces, urban forestsC. Removing all greeneryD. Only highways

Q47. The ultimate goal of conservation biology is:

A. Maximum short-term extractionB. Long-term persistence of species, genetic diversity and ecosystemsC. Only economic growth metricsD. Only species lists without action

Q48. People's biodiversity registers under BD Act help in:

A. Only central planning without localsB. Documenting local knowledge and biodiversity for conservation and ABSC. Ignoring traditional knowledgeD. Only urban data

Q49. A well-designed marine protected area network should consider:

A. Only terrestrial rulesB. Larval connectivity, habitats, fisheries spillover and enforcementC. Only paper parksD. Ignoring fishing communities always

Q50. Sustainable development balances:

A. Only economyB. Environment, economy and society (and equity across generations)C. Only environment without peopleD. Only short-term profit

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