Ecology & Ecosystem

Q1. In an ecosystem, the 10% law of energy transfer was proposed by:

Q2. Which ecological pyramid is always upright?

Q3. An ecotone is:

Q4. Keystone species are those that:

Q5. Primary succession occurs on:

Q6. In a food chain, green plants are:

Q7. The term 'ecology' was coined by:

Q8. Biomagnification refers to:

Q9. Which is a detritus food chain?

Q10. Carrying capacity of an environment is:

Q11. In a pyramid of numbers for a grassland, the base is occupied by:

Q12. Homeostasis in an ecosystem means:

Q13. Which gas is a major contributor to the natural greenhouse effect essential for life?

Q14. Secondary succession is faster than primary because:

Q15. The functional unit of the environment is:

Q16. In aquatic ecosystems, the pyramid of biomass is often inverted because:

Q17. Niche differentiation helps in:

Q18. Which of the following is an abiotic component?

Q19. Climax community is:

Q20. Edge effect is most pronounced in:

Q21. Trophic level of a hawk that eats a snake that ate a frog that ate an insect that ate a plant is:

Q22. Stratification in a forest refers to:

Q23. Which process returns nutrients from dead organisms to the soil?

Q24. A food web is more stable than a simple food chain because:

Q25. Productivity of an ecosystem is measured as:

Q26. Which biome has the highest net primary productivity on land?

Q27. Mutualism is a relationship where:

Q28. The law of tolerance (Shelford) states that:

Q29. In a lake, the zone with rooted plants near the shore is:

Q30. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is related to:

Q31. Which of the following is a pioneer species in primary succession on rocks?

Q32. Energy flow in an ecosystem is:

Q33. A population is defined as:

Q34. Commensalism is exemplified by:

Q35. The standing crop of an ecosystem refers to:

Q36. Which of the following reduces competition within a species?

Q37. In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen fixation is carried out by:

Q38. An inverted pyramid of numbers is seen in:

Q39. Eutrophication of lakes is mainly caused by:

Q40. The concept of 'Gaia hypothesis' suggests:

Q41. Which trophic level has the least energy content?

Q42. Habitat is best defined as:

Q43. In ecological succession, the process is driven mainly by:

Q44. Which of the following is a sedimentary cycle?

Q45. Species richness is:

Q46. A key difference between food chain and food web is:

Q47. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) equals:

Q48. Which of the following is true about decomposers?

Q49. The 'edge effect' often leads to:

Q50. In a balanced ecosystem, the role of predators includes: